Japanese Ww2 Aircraft Carriers - Was an escort carrier operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. The ship was originally built as an ocean liner Argtina Maru. She was acquired by the IJN on 9 December 1942, converted to an escort carrier and rammed by Kaiyō.
The ship was mainly used as an aircraft carrier, escort aircraft carrier and training ship during the war. It was badly damaged by repeated air raids in July 1945 and was scrapped in 1946-48.
Japanese Ww2 Aircraft Carriers
The ship was commissioned as the fast luxury liner Argtina Maru by Osaka Shos Kaisha (OSK) in 1938. In exchange for a subsidy for its construction from the Department of the Navy, it was designed to be converted into an aircraft carrier.
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Argtina Maru was completed in 1939 and was designed for 12,755 gross registered tons (GRT). When rebuilt, the ship was 155 meters (508 ft 6 in) wide. She had a beam of 21.9 meters (71 ft 10 in) and a draft of 8.04 meters (26 ft 5 in). She had a displacement of 13,600 tons (13,400 long tons) at standard load. As part of her conversion, her original diesel engines, which gave a top speed of 21.5 knots (39.8 km/h; 24.7 mph), were replaced by a pair of destroyer-oriented steam turbines with a total output of 52,000 shaft horsepower ( 39,000 kW), each driving one propeller. Steam was provided by four water-tube boilers, and Kaiyō's top speed was 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph). She had enough fuel oil to give her a radius of 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km; 8,100 mi). Its crew numbered 829 officers and p.
The ship's main armament consisted of eight 40 caliber 12.7 cm Type 89 (AA) anti-aircraft guns in paired turret mounts along the sides of the hull. They fired 23.45-kilogram (51.7 lb) projectiles at a rate of 8 to 14 rounds per minute at a muzzle velocity of 700–725 m/s (2,300–2,380 ft/s); at 45° this provided a maximum range of 14,800 meters (16,200 yd) and a maximum ceiling of 9,400 meters (30,800 ft).
Kaiyō was also initially armed with eight triple 25 mm Type 96 light anti-aircraft guns, also mounted along the sides of the hull.
They fired 0.25 kilogram (0.55 lb) projectiles with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s (3,000 ft/s); at 50° this gave a maximum range of 7,500 meters (8,202 yd) and an effective ceiling of 5,500 meters (18,000 ft). The maximum effective rate of fire was only 110 to 120 rounds per minute, because the five-round magazines had to be changed frequently.
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Each 12 cm (4.7 in) rocket weighed 22.5 kilograms (50 lb) and had a top speed of 200 m/s (660 ft/s). Their maximum range was 4,800 meters (5,200 yards).
Early warning was provided by a Type 2, Mark 2, Model 1 search radar mounted on the side of the flight deck in November 1943.
The Argtina Maru was initially used to transport troops after the start of the Pacific War in December 1941.
The ship began refitting at Nagasaki on 10 December 1942, the day after her purchase. After the conversion was completed on November 23, 1943, Caillot became her father. Her initial duties were transporting aircraft to Japan's foreign bases. Her first such assignment was transporting aircraft for the 23rd Air Flotilla to Singapore via Manila in January 1944 as part of convoy HI-33. On the way back, the ship transported aircraft of the 551st Air Group to Truk. On February 10, en route to Truk from Palau, the submarine License made a night attack on Cayo, but the torpedoes missed. Kaiyō underwent a brief refit between 23 February and 2 March and was assigned to the 1st Surface Escort Division on 17 March. In April escorted convoy HI-57 to Singapore via Taiwan and Indochina. She escorted convoy HI-58 on the return trip; one of her planes spotted a Rabalo submarine on the surface behind the convoy. The submarine was damaged by the escort, but saved.
The Great Ww2 Aircraft Carrier Showdown
In late May, Kaiyō was part of the HI-65 convoy escort, along with the escort carrier Shinyo, bound for Singapore. One of the escort found itself in the path of a torpedo, and the two merchantmen collided while trying to avoid the other torpedoes. The rest of the convoy arrived in Singapore on June 12. Kaiyō was assigned to escort convoy HI-66 on the return trip and arrived in Japan on 26 June. She was briefly docked at Kure Naval Arsal in early July to mount more 25mm anti-aircraft guns. Along with the escort carrier Taiyō, Kaiyō was loaded onto an aircraft bound for the Philippines for delivery to Convoy HI-69. We left on July 13 and arrived a week later. The convoy left Manila four days later and arrived in Japan on August 1. The ship's engines broke down as it prepared to join another convoy on 4 August and it was transferred to Sasebo.
Kayo took a cargo plane to Keelung, Taiwan on 25 October and arrived in Kure on 2 November. The ship was assigned to escort convoy HI-83 to Singapore via Taiwan and Hainan Island on 25 November and arrived on 13 December. route, he was assigned to the First Escort Fleet on 10 December. Returning to Japan with convoy HI-84 later that month, Kaiyō was attacked and lost by the submarine Dace on 31 December. After arriving at Modi on 13 January 1945, the ship was transferred to Kure and assigned to pilot training in the Inland Sea.
On March 19, 1945, while anchored at Kure, Caillot was attacked by an American carrier of Task Force 58. She was hit by a bomb in the port room, which caused fires and flooding. The ship began to list and was moved to shallow water near Etajima Island to prevent it from sinking. On 20 April, she was assigned to serve as a target ship for kamikaze crews. Cayo resumed pilot training a month later and struck a mine on 18 July with minor damage.
Six days later, she was attacked as part of a renewed air campaign against the remaining Japanese warships, with hits attributed to aircraft of the Fleet Air Arm of the British Pacific Fleet.
Giant Rc Shinano Ijn Japanese Aircraft Carrier
The ship was towed overnight into Beppu Bay and deliberately ran aground the next morning to prevent it from sinking.
The ship was again attacked on July 28 by American aircraft carriers, which knocked out the ship's electrical power and shut down its pumps. Kaiyō was also hit by 18 missiles, and a total of 20 crew members were killed in the attacks. The damage forced her to land again with a list to port. The next day, she was again attacked by B-25J Mitchell medium bombers of the Fifth Air Force, as well as aircraft from the aircraft carrier Ticonderoga. The extent of damage caused by these attacks, if any, is unknown, but they forced Captain Shuichi Osuga to abandon repairs to the ship. He ordered the boilers to be filled with seawater and the equipment coated with oil for better preservation. Some crews remained on board the anti-aircraft guns.
Low-level air strikes from Okinawa by B-25J Mitchells of the US Air Force 38th Bombardment Group on 9 August further damaged the carrier, despite extensive use of camouflage netting and foliage. The next day the ship's list increased and it was ordered to leave. Kaiyō was decommissioned on 20 November and scrapped by Nissan Salvage from 1 September 1946 to 30 January 1948. Hōshō (鳳翔, literally "flying foix") was the world's first ship built as an aircraft carrier.
And the first aircraft carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). Commissioned in 1922, the ship was used to test carrier operating equipment, techniques such as takeoffs and landings, and carrier operating techniques and tactics. The ship provided the IJN with valuable lessons and experience in early carrier operations. The Hōshō superstructure and other obstructions were moved to the flight deck in 1924 at the recommendation of experienced crews.
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Hosho and his air group participated in the Shanghai Incident in 1932 and in the fighting phases of the Sino-Japanese War in late 1937. During both of these conflicts, aircraft carriers supported the ground operations of the Imperial Japanese Army and fought from the air with aircraft from the country. China's Nationalist Air Force. The small size of the ship and special air groups (usually about 15 aircraft) limited the effectiveness of its participation in combat operations. As a result, after returning to Japan from China, the aircraft carrier was placed in reserve and in 1939 became a training ship.
During World War II, Hosho took part in the Battle of Midway in June 1942 as a minor. After the battle, the carrier resumed her training role in Japanese home waters throughout the conflict and survived the war with little damage from air attacks. It was surrendered to the Allies during the war and was used to repatriate Japanese troops until it was scrapped in 1946.
Construction of a seaplane carrier
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